Everything you need to know about PCOD

If you are a female, you may have heard of or might be experiencing Polycystic Ovarian Disorder, commonly known as PCOD or PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome). This is a medical condition that affects women during their reproductive years. The condition occurs when the ovaries release an excessive amount of androgens (male hormones), which can lead to the formation of small fluid-filled sacs or cysts in the ovaries, causing a lack of or irregular ovulation.

Here’s everything you need to know about PCOD

The cause of PCOD -

There have been extensive researches on PCOD and no exact cause has been found. Although, several key factors contribute to its development. Some of those factors are:-

1. Hormonal Imbalance - The ovaries produce higher levels of male androgens which prevents the development and releasing the eggs during ovulation. Elevated levels of luteinizing hormones also cause an imbalance in ovarian function.
   
2. Increased level of insulin - Increased levels of insulin in the body also contribute to an increase in androgen production. This disrupts normal ovulation and contributes to weight gain and other metabolic issues.
   
3. Obesity - Excessive weight gain disrupts insulin production and other metabolic functions, worsening the PCOD-causing factors.
   
4. Genetic - PCOD often runs in families, suggesting a genetic component. Specific genes may predispose individuals to hormonal imbalances, making them more susceptible to developing the condition. If a mother or grandmother has it, the children are more likely to inherit the gene,
   
5. Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation - It is a mild activation of the immune system, which occurs over long periods without obvious external signs of inflammation. This may stimulate the ovaries to produce excess androgens triggering PCOD.
   
6. Abnormal Follicle Development - Ovaries contain small, immature follicles. When they fail to develop properly and release eggs, causing a
   lack of ovulation. This process is influenced by hormonal imbalances, especially elevated androgen levels.

Symptoms of PCOD -

Some common symptoms of PCOD include:

1. 
   Irregular periods
   2. Excessive hair growth, especially on the face, hands, legs etc.
   3. Severe acne on face, back and chest.
   4. Dark skin patches on areas especially on folds of the neck, armpit and groins.
   5. Weight gain and difficulty in losing weight.
   6. People with PCOD have ovaries laced with multiple small cysts, making the ovary look larger than normal.
   7. Infertility
   8. People with PCOD may lose patches of hair or have hair thinning.
   
   

How to manage PCOD?

PCOD, or polycystic ovary syndrome, is a common condition that affects women during their childbearing years. Although it is a complex condition, it can be managed with some lifestyle changes and medication.

Here are some effective ways to manage PCOD:

1. Maintain a healthy diet by including fruits, vegetables, foods rich in Omega-3, lean protein, and whole grains to reduce inflammation.

2. Follow an exercise routine to maintain weight and reduce obesity.

3. Ensure good quality sleep and manage stress, as they also play a key role in managing PCOD.

4. In some cases, your gynaecologist may prescribe medication to manage chronic inflammation and lack of ovulation.